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"I draw to Me, My man from far off or even across the seven Seas to Shirdi, like a sparrow with a string fastened to its feet"-Shirdi Sai Baba, Indian Spiritual Guru-God

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  • Study materials available to Foreigners, interested in Shirdi Sai Baba.

    Study materials available to Foreigners, interested in Shirdi Sai Baba.


    Foreign individuals seeking to understand the life, teachings, and global influence of Shirdi Sai Baba have access to a wide array of study materials.

    1. Academic Works

    Academic studies offer a structured, critical, and contextual understanding of Shirdi Sai Baba, often distinguishing historical facts from hagiographical embellishments.

    As per (Thanks) Oxford Bibliographies:-

    “Academic study of Shirdi Sai Baba has emerged within the past several decades as scholars of religion in South Asia began to engage in a wide array of studies of popular saints and gurus;

    and as they observed the rapid growth in devotion to Shirdi Sai Baba in particular within the Indian subcontinent and, eventually, beyond India.

    White 1972 provided the first academic analysis of Shirdi Sai Baba, noting his growing popularity in western India and attributing it to the unifying bond created between Sai Baba’s devotees, a bond that crosses distinctions of caste, class, and social status.

    Antonio Rigopoulos 1993 is the first book-length academic study of Shirdi Sai Baba, which presents a biography of Sai Baba in the first half that draws upon Hindu-authored hagiographies, and presents Sai Baba’s key teachings in the second half with an emphasis on interreligious tolerance.

    Warren 2004 includes a valuable translation of the diary kept by Abdul Baba, a Muslim follower of Sai Baba in Shirdi, and draws upon that to present an interpretation of Sai Baba as a Muslim fakir who traveled the Sufi path.

    McLain 2016 traces Shirdi Sai Baba’s rise from small village guru to global phenomenon, using a wide range of textual, material, and visual sources to investigate the different ways that Sai Baba has been understood and the reasons behind his skyrocketing popularity among Hindus in particular.

    The edited collection Srinivas, 2022 provides insight into the worship of Sai Baba beyond the village of Shirdi in the early twentieth century, with essays that examine more contemporary worship at multiple sites within India as well as in Asia and Africa.

    Several articles also make valuable contributions to the study of Shirdi Sai Baba:

    Hardiman 2015 analyzes the miracle healing cures associated with Sai Baba and the relationship between his spiritual power and secular science;

    Rigopoulos 2012 analyzes some of Sai Baba’s miracles in connection with yoga powers;

    Vicziany 2016 examines the worship of two syncretic figures, Shirdi Sai Baba and Haji Ali, in the city of Mumbai, India; and

    Loar 2018 compares the hagiographies of Shirdi Sai Baba that were written by two of his Hindu followers, Dabholkar and Narasimhaswami.”- Thanks Oxford for your article at www.oxfordbibliogrsphies.com.

    Cambridge University

    Cambridge University have explored aspects of Sai Baba’s life and the movement he inspired.

    1. Academic Research and Publications:
    * Cambridge Core: Cambridge University Press has published academic works that discuss Shirdi Sai Baba and the broader Sai Baba movement.
       * Smriti Srinivas’s article, “Sai Baba: The Double Utilization of Written and Oral Traditions in a Modern South Asian Religious Movement,” published in Diogenes, examines the origins of the Sai Baba movement rooted in Shirdi Sai Baba.
       * Another article in Comparative Studies in Society and History titled “Miracle Cures for a Suffering Nation: Sai Baba of Shirdi” explores his popularity and perceived ability to provide miraculous cures.
       * The “Cambridge Companion to New Religious Movements” features a chapter by Tulasi Srinivas on the Sathya Sai Baba movement, which originated from Shirdi Sai Baba’s legacy.
    * Cambridge University Library: Kevin R.D. Shepherd, a British author, conducted private research at Cambridge University Library for twelve years, focusing on the history of religions and philosophy. He has authored books such as “Sai Baba of Shirdi: A Biographical Investigation” and “Investigating the Sai Baba Movement.”
    2. Perspectives on Shirdi Sai Baba:
    * Syncretism: Some scholars highlight Shirdi Sai Baba’s image as a unifying figure between Hindu and Muslim traditions, emphasizing the composite nature of Indian culture in the growth of his devotion.
    * Miracles and Faith: His devotees often attribute miraculous abilities to him, which contributed to his widespread popularity. Academic analysis has also focused on these aspects.
    * Historical Context: Research connects the rise of Shirdi Sai Baba’s popularity with the Indian nationalist movement and the search for unifying symbols.
    3. Mentions in Other Contexts:
    * Sathya Sai Baba: Sathya Sai Baba of Puttaparthi, and his movement have also been subjects of academic study, including publications by Cambridge University Press.
    * Educational Initiatives: Cambridge University Press has collaborated with Indian educational institutions for programs like the “SAI-Cambridge Reading Quest,” although this is related to language skills development and not directly to the study of Sai Baba.
    While Cambridge University’s press has published scholarly articles and books that analyze his life, teachings, and the socio-religious movements associated with him. Individual researchers connected to the university have also contributed significantly to this field of study.

    Teachings and Philosophy

    Social and Cultural Significance

    • Karline McLain’s Be United, Be Virtuous: This work investigates the role of Sai Baba’s teachings in promoting religious harmony and examines the movement’s cultural impact within Indian society.
    • Edited Volumes (e.g., Devotional Spaces of a Global Saint): These collections often feature contributions that analyze the institutional development of the Sai Baba movement and its place in the lives of modern devotees.

    Miracles and Belief Systems

    • Analytical Perspectives on Miracles: Academic literature explores the narrative function of miracles in constructing Sai Baba’s authority, examining their sociological and psychological dimensions and drawing comparisons with miracle traditions in other religions.

    Global Spread and Contemporary Practices

    • Studies on Globalization: Scholars analyze how Sai Baba’s devotion has transcended geographic boundaries, highlighting the establishment of temples and devotional practices in international contexts.
    • Media and Technology: Contemporary research considers how digital media platforms are employed to maintain global devotional networks and disseminate teachings.

    Methodological Approaches

    Engagement with academic resources introduces foreign learners to various methodological frameworks—historical criticism, sociology of religion, and anthropology—that enable a comprehensive and critical study of religious figures and movements.

    2. Devotional and Informational Websites

    In addition to academic works, several online platforms provide accessible resources tailored to the needs of international devotees.

    Websites for International Devotees (e.g., shirdisaibaba.international)

    • Curated Publications: These platforms offer English-language articles, news updates, and publications, suited for global audiences.
    • Translations of Key Texts: They often provide details of translated versions of significant devotional texts and biographies.
    • Community Engagement: Discussion forums and community pages offer a space for interpretation, Lists of Sai Baba temples in countries like the USA, UK, Canada, Singapure, Dubai…and sharing of experiences, reflecting the living tradition of Sai Baba devotion.

    Official Temple Trust Website (sai.org.in)

    • Authoritative Information: Offers official narratives, details of temple rituals, and historical overviews from the perspective of the temple trust.
    • Online Resources: Includes downloadable material, videos, and frequently asked questions, all primarily in English, facilitating introductory-level engagement.

    3. Key Considerations for Foreigners

    Language Accessibility

    The wide availability of English-language materials—both academic and devotional—greatly enhances accessibility for non-Indian audiences.

    Multiple Perspectives

    A balanced approach that includes both academic and devotional materials provides a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of Shirdi Sai Baba.

    Cultural Context

    Academic studies help situate Sai Baba within the broader Indian religious and cultural milieu, an essential context for foreigners unfamiliar with the subcontinent’s spiritual traditions.

    Critical Engagement

    By engaging with academic sources, foreigners are encouraged to critically examine the narratives surrounding Sai Baba, differentiating between historically substantiated facts and devotional interpretations.

  • Summary of Soul Science

    Summary of Soul Science

    • The heart, full of purity and poise (Satwa) is the Ocean of milk.
    • Steady contemplation of the Divine, either as i) your own reality or ii) as ideal to be reached, is Mandara mountain,
    • placed in it as a churning rod Vasuki, the serpent wound round the churning rod as a rope,
      • is the group of senses,
      • emitting poisonous fumes
      • during the process of churning and
      • nearly frightening the asuras (demons) who held the head.
    • The rope is
      • held by good and bad impulses and
      • both struggle with the churning process,
      • eager for the results, which each has set the heart on!
    • Grace of God is the
      • Tortoise incarnation,
      • for the Lord Himself comes to the rescue
    • once
      • HE knows that you are earnestly seeking the secret of Immortality!
      • He comes,
        • silently and
        • unobserved,
        • as the tortoise did,
        • holding the reflection (manana) process
        • unimpaired and
        • serving as the steady base of all spiritual practices!
    • Many things emerge from the mind, when churned,
      • but the wise wait patiently
      • for the appearance of the guarantor of immortality, and
      • seize upon it with avidity!
    • That is the lesson of the legend. It is a summary of Atma-vidya!

    – Puttaparti Satya Sai Baba in the Divine Discourse on Jan 13, 1965

  • You are God, you are mighty and opulent

    You are God, you are mighty and opulent

    Shishya (disciple) like the Sad-guru is really embodiment of Jnana.

    The difference between the two lies in the attitude, high realization, marvellous super-human Sattva (beingness) and unrivalled capacity and Aishwarya Yoga (divine powers).

    The Sad-guru is Nirguna, Sat-Chit-Ananda. He has indeed taken human form to elevate mankind and raise the world. But his real Nirguna nature is not destroyed thereby, even a bit. His beingness (or reality), divine power and widsom remain undiminished.

    The disciple also is in fact of the same swarupa. But, it is overlaid by the effect of the samaskaras of innumerable births in the shape of ignorance, which hides from his view that he is Shuddha Chaitanya (see B.G. Ch. V-15). As stated therein, he gets the impressions – “Iam Jiva, a creature, humble and poor.”

    The Guru has to root out these offshoots of ignorance and has to give upadesh or instruction.

    To the disciple, held spell- bound for endless generations by the ideas of his being a creature, humble and poor, the Guru imparts in hundreds of births the teaching – “You are God, you are mighty and opulent.” Then, he realizes a bit that he is God really.

    The perpetual delusion under which the disciple is labouring, that he is the body, that he is a creature (jiva) or ego, that God (Paramatma) and the world are different from him, is an error inherited from innumerable past births. From actions based on it, he has derived his joy, sorrows and mixtures of both.

    To remove this delusion, this error, this root ignorance, he must start the inquiry.

    How did the ignorance arise? Where is it? And to show him this, is called the Guru’s upadesh.

    SSSC-Ch 29

  • Baba’s standpoint similar to Mahatma Gandhi

    Baba’s standpoint similar to Mahatma Gandhi

    That is ‘Live and let live’- and To unite persons, use common joint formula.

    Mahtama Gandhi (freedom fighter of India) tried to effect a rapproachment between Hindus and Muslims. He started the formula noted below, where Rahim and Ram are put together. He also made his Hindu and Muslim followers repeat the formula or mantra.

    “Raghupati Raghava Rajaram Patita paavana Sitaram,

    Iswara Allah Tere nam, Sabko Sanmati De Bhagavan,

    Rama Rahim Krishna Karim, Sabko Sanmati de Bhagavan.“

    Mahatma Gandhi aimed to familiarise the ears of impartial and co-operatively minded Hindus and Muslims, with a mix of both cultures. This would help both groups to hear each other’s names without losing equanimity.

    This would become easier and inspiring by habit for future generations. That was the great object of Mahatma Gandhi’s formula. Baba added to Gandhiji’s plan of work. He secretly worked on the hearts of all.

    Baba was perfectly neutral and submitted to the peculiar idiosyncracies of his worshippers in order to avoid offending them. Left to himself Baba would have no mark on his forehead. Baba did not believe at all that there is a separate Siva and a separate Vishnu as Gods. ‘To him, there was only one God. It might be called Siva or Vishnu, Vittal, Rama or Datta. Khuda, Khandoba, Devi, Allah or Hari; might all be names given with equal justification’. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”.

    If each wants to get on in his own way, he should do so. He should choose the way that suits him best. By all means, let him do so. He should not be hindered. This is the only way to unite all sincere worshippers. Sincere bhaktas’ worship of Sai is the same as the worship of God.

    That is their feeling and according to correct metaphysics and philosophy, there is no difference between the worship of Sai treated as God and the worship of God under any other name or any other form. Both achieve the same ends.

    “In whatever form you surrender to Me, in that form, I respond- BG (4) 11.

    LoSB/Part I: Ch-XIV